Die for making thrashing-machine teeth



(NovModel.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. H. T. RUSSELL.

DIE P OR MAKING THRASHING MACHINE TEETH. No. 379,730.

Patented Mar. 20, 1888.

u will (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.. H. T. RUSSELL.

DIE POR MAKING THRASHING MACHINE TBETH.

No. 379,730. Patented Mar. 20, 1888.

g Hummm ilNirsn Sra'rns FFIC@ HENRY T. RUSSELL, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

DIE FOR MAKING THRASHING-VIACHINE TEETH.

SPECIPECATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 379,730, dated March 20, 1888.

Application tiled March QS, 1F87. Serial No. 232,754. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom, it nuty/ concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY T. RUSSELL, of Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Dies for Drop-Forging; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part oi' this specification.

The object of this invention is to provide an improved construction in dies used for dropforging, whereby the n'ianipulation of the metal being operated upon may be facilitated and the article to be formed brought into a finished state with a minimum number of heats and oi' strokes or blows from the dies, and whereby the wear upon the dies may be decreased and their lil'e thereby prolonged.

The invention consists in the matters hereinafter described, and pointed out in the appended claims.

Some oi the improvements herein shown and described are applicable to dies of all kinds, while others are more especially applicable to dies used for forming teeth such as are used upon thrashing-machine cylinders.

In the accompanying drawings, illustrating my invention, Figure l shows iu perspective the upper and lower die-blocks constituting dies l'or forming thrashing machine teeth. Fig. 2 is a side view of the dic-blocks shown in Fig. l when placed together. plan View of the lower one of the dieblocks shown in Fig. l. Fig. et is a perspective view of a metal bar having an unsevered thrashingmachine tooth upon the end thereof and having ils part adjacent to its end bent or curved preliminary to being placed in the formingrecess of the dies. Fig. 5 illustrates a nished tooth made by the die shown in Fig. l. Fig. 6 is a plan or face View of a die-block similar to that shown in Fig. l, but containing two forming-recesses. Fig. 7 is a plan or face view of a die-block containing two formingrecesses, the die-block in this case being for the purpose of making teeth having square ends. Fig. S is a side view of a die-block shown in Fig. 7, together with the die-blocl opposed thereto. Fig. 9 is a view ofthe end of a bar Fig. 3 is ay which has been acted on twice by the dieblock shown in Figs. 7 and 8.

As illustrated in Figs. l to 4, A is the upper and B the lower die-block. Said diedie-blocks are provided with opposing forming recesses or matrices a b, of such shape that when the dies are brought together a cavity will be formed having the shape of a thrashing-machine tooth such as is shown in Fig. 5. rllhe recesses c and b in each block are surrounded with the usual shallow depression, a b', in which is formed the thin ange or fin produced by the overflow of the metal placed within the cavities of the dies. Reccsses a? b2v are arranged to extend from the ends of the cavities a b through the front wall of the dieblocks, said recesses being for the purpose of receiving the blank rod from which the article is formed. As far as described, the dieblocks are made in a manner heretofore common and well known.

In the top surface of the block A, adjacent to one side thereof, is a recess or matrix, C, which is opposed to a corresponding recess or matrix, D, in the lower block, B. The recesses C and D extend alongy the sides of the die-blocks parallel with the longitudinal axes of the recesses a b, and terminate at their rear ends in transversely-projecting parts c d, the edges of which are approximately in the same plane with the working-faces of the dieblocks and which form opposing cutters, which operate when the dies are brought together to sever the linished articles from the blank rod. The operation of these cutters c and d is clearly illustrated in Fig. 2.

Outside or at the rear of the transverse cutting-edges or cutters c and d the metal ofthe die-block is removed to form recesses c d', by which an open space is left when the blocks are brought together, in which space the iinished part ofthe bar is located in the operation of cutting, as clearly shown in Fig. 2.

rlhe recess C in its main or central part, c, is convexly'curved longitudinally, but presents a straight line in cross-section, and the opposing surface d2 of the recess D is curved longitudinally in concave form, and is similarly straightin cross-sectional shape, as shown in Figs. l and 2, so that when the die-blocks IOO are brought together the rod or ba-r placed between said surfaces will be bent longitudinally intoa curved form. In their parts adjacent to the front faces of the die-blocks the recesses C and D are made deeper by outwardly iiaring parts c3 di to allow the entrance of the main part or body of the blank rod toa proper position between the working parts or surfaces cl d2 of said recesses C D. The parts c4 d* of said recesses C and D between the out wardly-laring parts c3 d3 and the main parts c2 d2 are brought nearer together than the said inner parts of the said surfaces c'L d2, so that the blank rod placed between and acted on by the several surfaces referred to is flattened out laterally and thereby made thinner. in its part nearest the body of the blank rod, this being the part of the blank rod which enters the deepest part of the iinishing recesses or matrices, while the end portion ofthe rod, or that part thereof acted on by the middle parts of the said recesses C D,is bent or curved from a straight line, as clearly shown in Fig. 2 andV in Fig. 4,which latter view shows a blank rod, E, after its end has been acted upon by the dies, and with a tooth still in the position originally occupied by it, but severed therefrom by the action of the cutters c d.

As more clearly shown in Figs. 3 and 5,the tooth formed by the recesses a. b, shaped as shown, is straight upon one side and curved upon the other side, so that its end remote from its shank is much wider or broader than its other parts. The object of bending the end of the blank rod into the shape before described, and shown in Figs. 2 and 4, is to so,

dispose the metal at the end of the rod that when it is placed between the recesses ct b it will occupy the middle part of said recesses and will thereby be distributed evenly toward the margins of the recesses as the dies are brought together withthe metal between them. The bar, having its end bent in the mannerbefore described, is placed upon thelower die in the position shown in Fig. 3, from which it is obvious that the curved end portion of the rod E occupies a position in the middleof the wide part of the recess b, while the narrow or fiattened part of the said rod occupies theposition over th'e parts ai a* b3 b, by which the square shoulder and round shank of the tooth is formed. y

The blank rod E illustrated is approximately square in cross-sectional form. After L said rod has been subjected to the action of the opposing recesses C and D, it is iiattened and curved in such manner as to have a curved end portion, c, retaining approximately the same thickness as the original bar, and a narrow or thin part, e', which is considerably compressed by the action ofthe opposing surface c4 d4, above described. Vhen the end of the blank rod thus shaped is placed upon the lower or stationary die block, B, it is inserted in the recess b thereof, with its narrow or flattened part e vertical. In this position the curved end part, e, obviously occupies the inner portion of the recess b, while the thin or narrow part C comes opposite the narrower and deeper portions, b3 b4, which, together with corresponding parts, ai at, upon the up per die, A, form the square shoulder and shank of the tooth. v

F, Fig. 5, indicates the tooth made by the dies above described, said tooth being provided witha widened or extended iunerend,f, a square shoulder, f', and a round shank, f2, by means of which the tooth is held in place upon the cylinder' or concave of the thrashing-machine. The narrow or thin part e of the blank rod is preferably made of less thickness than the width of the deeper parts d ot4 b3 b4 of the die-recesses, so that this part of the blank rod, as well asV the end portion ethereof, will be spread laterally to completely fill the die -recesses as the die blocks are brought together. The operation of the dies constructed as above described in making a tooth is as follows: The blank rod is properly heated in an adjacent forge, and its end then placed upon the surfaces D of the lower dieblock, with its end in contact with the cutting edge d. Vhen the upper die-block descends, the end of the bar will be somewhat flattened and bent into the shape shown in Figs. 2 and 4, as above described. The baris then turned quarter-way around, and its bent and iiattened end is then placed in the recess b in the position above described, and shown in full lines in Fig. 3. A second blow of the upper dieblock then gives final shape to the end of the rod, the surplus metal passing outwardly from the recesses a and b into the depressions a b in the form of a iin, f3, as shown in Fig. 4, and as common in drop-forgings. When a tooth has been formed upon the rod in the manner described, the tooth will remain con-k nected therewith by means of the narrow neck f4, formedat the inner parts of the recesses ai b2. The rod,with the nished tooth thereon, is then-placed again'upon the surface D, with the neck f4 over or adjacent to the cutter d, when a succeeding descent of the upper die-block will sever theiinished tooth from the end of the bar in the manner. clearly shown in Figs. 2 and 4, and atthe same time shape the end of the bar in readiness for insertion in the forming-recesses in the manner before described.

The operations above described will be repeated until the bar becomes too cool for suitably working it, when the bar will be again heated and the same series-of operations will take place as before.

Aform of die-block which, for some reasons, is preferable to that illustrated in Figs. l, 2, and 3, and above described, is shown in Fig. 6. In this instance a die-block, G, which may represent either the upper or lower of the two die-blocks adapted for use in a single machine, is provided with two forming-recesses, g g', together with a recess, H, for shaping the end of the blank rod preliminary to itsinsertion in the forming-recesses. The said forming-recesses are alike in shape; but two of them are used IOC) IIO

IZO

in the saine block, so that one of said recesses, as g, may receive the extreme pressure necessary for bringing the bar to the general shape of the nished article, while the other recess, g', is employed solely for finishing, and therefore has comparatively little work to do, and is likely to retain its original form for along time, and thereby give an accurate finish to a great number of articles'forgcd by the same dies. In the use of die-blocks made as last described the heated bar will be first subjected to the action of the recess H and the opposing re cesses upon the upper block, whereby it will be given the shape indicated in Fig. 4. It will then be placed in the recess 0, by which, together with the opposing recess in the upper block, it will be brought to its final shape. Vhen placed in the recess g and given a final blow, a very slight displacement of the metal only need be accomplished by the said recesses to give very accurate form to the forging. The use of a block with two recesses, as g g', obviously requires a greater number of blows to produce the finished article; but it affords the important advantage that a very much greater number of forgings'may be made from the same dieblocks than is possible when each dieblock contains only asingle forming-recess. The great advantage obtained by the use of two forming-recesses in the die-blocks may be more fully appreciated from the fact that while dies with single recesses cannot usually be re j lied upon to make more than ten thousand articles, the life of dies made with two formingrecesses is sufficient to enable seventy-tive thousand articles to be shaped therein.

In Figs. 7 and 8 are shown two die-blocks, I and J, which are employed for forming a tooth for thrashingmachine cylinders of the particular shape illustrated in Fig. 10. In this instance the dieblocks are provided with opposing recesses K L for giving shape to the end ot' the blank rod before the latter is placed in the forming-recesses, of which two are used, as indicated byjj, Fig. T.

M Fig. 10,.indicates a finished tooth made by these dies, said tooth being provided with a broad flat serrated or corrugated end portion, m, a squareshoulder, m', and a cylindrie shank, m. The forming-recesses jj are provided with wide and shallow parts jiji, serrated or corrugated, as shown, an intermediate square portiomji, and a semi-cylindric portion, jt, at its inner end. The flat and shallow parts jij? of the recesses in this case are arranged adjacent to the front surface of the die-block and are connected therewith by passages j. The recesses K and L, for preliminarily shaping the blank rod in this instance, consist of parallel opposing surfaces It Z, adapted to tiatten out the end portion of a square blank rod placed be tween them, and deep portions kl, which are of such depth as to leave the rod approximately in its original shape. Projecting transverse parts 7s Z2 come close together ata point near the front surface ofthe die-blocks, so as to form a narrow neck upon the blank rod to enter the passagesfj5 when the end of the bar is placed in the forming recesses. The die blocks I and J are provided with transverse cutters lo ZH, arranged in the same manner as before described. Vhen the end of a square blank rod, as N, Fig. 9, is placed within the recess L and the upper die-block descends thereon, the extreme end portion of the rod is flattened horizontally, while its portion coming opposite its recess le Z is left in its original shape. The blank rod in this case is acted upon twice by the dies before being placed in the forming-recess. The first stroke of the dies tlattens the bar at the two points at which it is acted upon by the surfaces k and l and It and l?. The baris then turned quarter-way around and the tlattened parts are then acted upon edgewise, so as to bring the parts into the shape shown in Fig. 9. The rod is then provided with a square end, a, a narrow neck, n', and an intermediate part, n2, of the full size ot' the original bar. The bar thus shaped is placed over the forining-recessj'. with its rectangular part a centrally upon the shallow partj" of the formingrecess, the square part n in the deep partsj3 j* of said recess, and the neck n opposite the recess j, as clearly shown in dotted lines in Fig. 7. The disposition ofthe parts of the blank rod in the manner set forth obviously causes a uniform distribution of metal in the forming recesses when the dieblocks are brought together in the same manner as before described in connection with the dies shown in Figs. l. 2., and 8.

I have herein shown the rigid or serrated surfaces of the shallow party'2 of the forming recessesj as made rounded or with blunt edges and the corresponding part of the second or finishing recess, j', as made with sharp or accurate angles and shaped to give final form to the tooth, as indicated in Fig. 10. inasmuch as less pressure or force is required to bring the metal into the rounded curves or depressions of the rccessj than ofthe acute ridges of the recess j', the work ot' giving final form to this part ofthe tooth will be divided between the two forming-recesses. By this construction not only will the die-blocks last longer by reason ofthe division of work between the two forming-recesses, but the recess by which the greater part of the work is done will be less liable to injury by reason of the absence therefrom of the sharp angles present in the finishing-recess.

In dies provided with cutting-edges, as c and d or leila, these edges, if made integral with other parts of the die, are liable to become blunted and wear out, while other parts of the dies are still tit for service. To avoid this undesirable result, I prefer to make said cuttingedges upon separate removable blocks or bars inserted in the die-blocks. A construction of this kind is shown in Fig. 8, in which Il J indicate two bars having the euttingcdges lr. Z formed thereon, said bars being fitted to suitable reeesses in the dieblocks and secured therein by set-screws I2 J2. When this con- IOO IIO

struction is used, the bars I J may be removed when their cutting-edges become worn ont and new ones substituted, with obvious economic advantages.

One inain featureof novelty in myinvention is embraced in a construction wherein dieblocks are provided each with a forming-recess matrix made shallow in its part corresponding with the deeper parts of a finishing-matrix, and thereby adapted to spread or flatten a blank rod or bar intoshape most advantageous for filling the finishing-matrices of the same or other die-blocks when said die-blocks are brought together, and this construction is herein broadly claimed without restriction to its use in connection with any of the other features of construction herein illustrated.

Anotherimportant'partofmy invention consists in the novel construction of the dieblock s, whereby each block is provided with two forming recesses or matrices of approximately the shape of the finished article, so that the forging may be finished by the use of other finishingmatrices. rllhe construction herein shown whereby the die-blocks areprovided with transverse cutting-ed ges or cutters at one side of the forming-recesses is also herein claimed as new, as is also the construction in which such cutting-edges or cutters are located at one end of the matrices for flattening the bar, whereby the finished forging upon the end ot the blank rod may be severed from the latter at the same time that the adjacent end portion of the rod is bent or fiattened by thesaid mat rices.

Die-blocks for forming a bent or curved thrashing-machine tooth, as are shown in Fig. 5, and which are provided with opposing convex and concave matrices giving a curved form to the end of the blank rod or bar preparatory to its insertion into the nishing-matrices,are also new and are herein claimed as part of' my invention.

I claim as my invention- 1. The die-blocks for dropforging,provided with a set of matrices for preliminarily flattening the blank rod or bar and with a set of matrices for shaping and nishing the article, the preliminary matrices being shallowest at the point di corresponding to Vthe thickened Y to fill the deepest part thereof, substantially as described.

2. The die-blocks for making thrashing-maf chine teeth of that kind which comprise a rounded shank and a tooth having a broad and fiat end portion, said die.- blocks being provided with finishing matrices and with matrices which are deepest in their parts correspondingwith the shallowest parts of the finishing-matrices, or that part by which the flat part of the tooth is formed,and shallowest in their portions corresponding with the deeper parts of the finishing-matrices, or those by which the shank of the tooth is given shape, substantially as described.

3. The dieblocks for forging thrashing-machine tceth of that kind having cylindric Shanks and broad flat ends curved laterally from theaxial line of the shanks at one side of the teeth, said dies being provided with finishing-matrices for giving shape to the teeth and with matrices having opposing convex and concave surfaces operating to bend the end of the blank to a curved form, the matrices being shallowest in their parts which correspond with the deeper portions of the nishing-matrices wherein the shank of the tooth is formed, substantially as described.

4. The die-blocks provided with nishingmatrices and with matrices for bending or fiattening the blank rod or bar, and opposing cutters located at the ends of the matrices for bending or fiattening the blank rod,said cutters being formed by separate bars fitted and sccured within recesses formed in the side faces of the die-blocks, substantially as described.

In testimony that l claim the foregoing as my invention I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

HENRY T. RUSSELL.

Vitnesses:

CHARLES O. BERRY, CHARLEs T. LoRING. 

